The financial crisis has prompted the European and American strengthen supervision shadow Banks

The financial crisis has witnessed the shadow Banks so much financial fragility and infectious, which makes the European and American regulators have to strengthen the oversight, including expanding the scope of the regulation and monitoring of systemic risk and the establishment of international regulatory standards and promote the international cooperation between regulatory system, etc.In June 2009,asme b16.28 short radius elbow 45 degree A234 WPB the European Union has issued the eu financial regulatory system reform, in June 2011, the Obama administration to launch a new financial regulatory reforms, the fed became the core regulators.Europe and the United States covers all financial institutions, the new regulatory system covers all financial derivative financial instruments, including alternative investment and commodity trading, financial institutions to expand to the shadow banking, alternative investment institutions, hedge funds, private equity, etc.And requires all financial institutions cooperate with regulators, provide enough information for effective systemic risk regulation, these reforms will effectively restrict shadow Banks all kinds of covert operations.

Except for countries to strengthen the regulatory reform, establish the unified regulation of international standards, promoting international cooperation is also important gripper for the global shadow Banks to strengthen supervision.The G20's FSB determine the regulation of the shadow banking system in five key areas, and reach a consensus in the international society.One is to alleviate the shadow banking system and the traditional banking system,API 5L galvanized carbon steel pipe manufacturers hebei spread effect;2 it is to reduce the probability of money market funds run;Three is to monitor and reduce money-market funds other than the shadow banking institutions to the systemic risks of;Four is to control risk of asset securitization;Five is to monitor the securities financing and repurchase.On this basis, the FSB proposed shadow banking risk identification method of "three steps", a generalized the size of the shadow banking system is monitoring, 2 it is to identify systemic regulatory arbitrage and the risk of narrow shadow banking system,Long radius 90 deg A234 pushing elbow the leverage and maturity transformation and liquidity transformation characteristics will serve as the main measure and regulatory focus, three is the detailed assessment of systemic risk and regulatory arbitrage space.

Global coal demand will be at an average 2.3% growth each year

In the next five years, the global coal demand will with 2.3% growth per year on average, than the IEA had expected 2.6% growth was reduced by 0.3%.In regional terms,ASME Carbon Steel Welding Neck Flange mid global coal demand growth will be concentrated in non-oecd countries, does not change significantly the total demand of oecd countries.Due to the power consumption at the low end, along with the increase of energy efficiency, renewable energy use, Europe's coal demand will decline at an annual rate of 1%, is expected to total demand is 417 million to 2018 tons.

At the same time, India,RF/FF welding socket slip on flange Russia and other emerging economies, demand will grow at a faster pace.Although China's coal consumption will be in the future 5 years accounted for 60% of the global total, but due to the Chinese government take measures to encourage the adoption of cleaner technologies, energy efficiency, promote the diversification of energy production, China's actual growth in demand for coal will decline.

Report also noted that as the world's coal,elbow 180 degree a234 wpb butt weld elbows the second largest consumer, the coal consumption dropped by 10.7% in 2012.Due to the large scale exploitation of shale gas, combined with old elimination and control of the emissions from coal-fired power plants, the demand for coal in the next five years is expected to reduce 0.1% a year, to 2018 total demand will drop to 606 million tons.